Expert oncologist offers insight on cancer

Singapore Parkway Cancer Centre is a renowned medical facility dedicated to providing exceptional cancer care. With a multidisciplinary approach and a team of highly skilled oncologists, they offer comprehensive treatment options for various types of cancers. From advanced therapies to personalised medicine, Parkway Cancer Centre is at the forefront of cancer treatment, delivering innovative and compassionate care to patients. Their commitment to excellence has made them a trusted destination for cancer management in Singapore and beyond.

Dr Tanujaa Rajasekaran, a senior consultant and medical oncologist at Parkway Cancer Centre, recently shared her views on cancer with Star Health. She has extensive experience in general medical oncology and specialised expertise in the management of lung, genitourinary, head and neck cancers, and geriatric oncology.

Lung cancer remains a significant global health concern, despite a decrease in incidence due to anti-smoking campaigns and tobacco control efforts. While lung cancer rates have declined in smokers, there has been an alarming increase in cases among non-smokers, particularly younger individuals, and females. The reasons behind this trend are not yet fully understood but may involve genetic mutations and unidentified factors. Smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, but other factors like family history, radiation exposure, second-hand smoke, and certain occupational hazards can contribute.

Lung cancer can manifest with respiratory symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, or coughing up blood. It can also present with weight loss, loss of appetite, and specific symptoms depending on the organs affected by metastasis. Early-stage lung cancer often goes undetected due to the absence of noticeable symptoms, leading to late-stage diagnoses.

Regular screenings, such as CT scans, are recommended for individuals aged 55-74 with a significant smoking history. However, the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for non-smokers is still under investigation, and there is no definitive answer regarding its benefits for this population.

Prevention of lung cancer involves eliminating risk factors, with smoking cessation being crucial. Even long-term smokers can reduce their risk by quitting. A healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, is also beneficial.

Advancements in lung cancer treatment have transformed its management. Targeted therapies that block specific genetic mutations, like the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, have improved prognosis and extended the life expectancy of patients. In Asia, where a significant percentage of lung cancer cases are EGFR-positive, oral targeted medications have revolutionised treatment, allowing patients to control their cancer without traditional chemotherapy. This personalised approach has positively impacted the lives of Asian lung cancer patients.

Research focused on Asian lung cancers, including the EGFR mutation subtype, is ongoing to better understand and treat this specific population. Targeted therapies offer hope for improved outcomes and quality of life for lung cancer patients, demonstrating the power of personalised treatment options.

Continued efforts in research, prevention, and early detection are essential in combating lung cancer and reducing its impact worldwide.

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men, especially among older individuals. Risk factors include advancing age, family history, and genetic mutations like BRCA gene alterations. Symptoms can include urinary issues, blood in the urine, incomplete bladder emptying, weight loss, and loss of appetite. Prostate cancer can also be incidentally discovered during routine screenings, such as PSA tests.

Treatment options for localised prostate cancer depend on factors like the Gleason score and PSA levels. Active surveillance is suitable for low-risk cases, while surgery (prostatectomy) and radiation therapy are other options. Recent advancements in prostate cancer treatment include hormonal therapies that target testosterone, oral hormonal agents, PARP inhibitors for specific genetic mutations, and radiopharmaceutical therapy that delivers targeted radiation to prostate cancer cells.

Prevention of prostate cancer is not entirely possible, but adopting a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk. Regular exercise and avoiding smoking are beneficial. High-risk individuals, such as those with a family history or genetic mutations, should undergo regular screenings and consult healthcare professionals for monitoring and early detection.

Prostate cancer remains a significant health concern, but advancements in treatment options provide hope for improved outcomes and management. Increased awareness, early detection, and personalized treatment approaches are essential for combating prostate cancer effectively.