Retirement homes in vogue as Indians prosper

Aruna Gokhale (L), 81, watches as her husband Vidyadhar Gokhale, 84, plays guitar in their flat in the Athashri retirement village on the outskirts of the Indian city of Pune. Photo: Reuters

The Athashri retirement community offers the over-55 crowd Western-style amenities such as a clubhouse, gym, library and pool but with a distinctly Indian twist: a temple on site where residents worship Ganesh, a god followed by many Hindus in Maharashtra.
The 180-unit development in Pune, which enjoys better weather and less bustle than nearby Mumbai, overlooks open fields and hills and is set in lush gardens - an appealing escape from the crowds and grime of India's mega-cities.
Retirement communities like this one are just beginning to gain traction in India, where the multi-generational "joint family" structure endures despite rampant modernisation. The concept of housing for the elderly still carries a social stigma in the country, which accounts for less than 1 percent of the $25 billion senior housing industry worldwide.
But rising incomes, longer life expectancy and the rise of nuclear families as more people relocate for jobs are driving demand for retirement homes in Asia's third-largest economy, and attracting developers and investors.
Paranjape Schemes Ltd, which manages Athashri, is among a handful of companies tapping the burgeoning senior living sector including Max India Ltd, backed by Goldman Sachs Group Inc, LIC Housing Finance Ltd, The Covai Group and Ashiana Housing Ltd.
Tata Housing Development Co Ltd, part of India's biggest conglomerate, launched its first senior housing project in May in Bangalore, and plans at least four more, catering to independent retirees looking for better security and services than what is available in ordinary housing.
"A significant section of seniors today are independent, financially stable, well-travelled and socially connected, and as a result have a fairly good idea of how they want to spend time after retirement," said Brotin Banerjee, CEO, Tata Housing, which expects revenues of 950 million rupees from its 700 million rupee project investment over three years.
While India is much younger than Japan, China or the United States, the number of people over age 60 is expected to more than double to 173 million by 2025.
Real estate consultant Jones Lang LaSalle estimates current annual demand for senior homes across 135 Indian cities at 312,000, far outstripping supply of 10,000 to 15,000 new homes now in the pipeline.
After spending two decades in Houston looking after their grandchildren, Vidyadhar and Aruna Gokhale returned to India last year and moved into a retirement home.
Developers view such Indians returning from overseas, the vast and often prosperous diaspora known as non-resident Indians or NRIs, as a key target market.
"Nobody needs us there so we thought we should live our lives the way we want to because we are young enough to be able to enjoy it," Aruna Gokhale, 81, said in her apartment at Athashri in Pune, where she and her husband, now 84, grew up.
Most of India's retirement homes are targeted at urban middle- and upper-income buyers who can afford to pay between 3 million and 6 million rupees for an apartment, which is cheap by Western standards but beyond the reach of the average Indian. Max India is building a project in Dehradun that aims higher, with villas priced above 10 million rupees.
Unlike the United States, where retirement housing is typically rented, providing recurring annual income for investors, in India people prefer to own. That suits developers as well because it means less capital tied up.
Investing in Indian retirement homes generates returns of about 25 percent annually for developers, less than the 35 percent that is typical for comparable ordinary housing in the country, Jones Lang LaSalle said.
That is partly because the retirement communities include more open, communal space. Developers are also keen to keep prices affordable for middle-class buyers who normally must pay cash as Indian banks rarely offer mortgages to seniors.
Developers expect economies of scale to bring down costs as the industry grows, and they hope eventually to be able to charge more for amenities such as food and facilities.
"There is a margin to be made but today the returns are not as good and we would like to improve that," said Ankur Gupta, joint managing director at Delhi-based Ashiana, which has built three retirement home projects in India.
The biggest challenge for the emerging senior living sector is the social stigma associated with elderly family members living on their own.
"Twenty years ago the social fabric of India was very different as we were still a closed economy," said Abdulla Kagalwalla, chief financial officer at Texas-based Signature Senior Living, which in 2010 tied up with Covai to build and manage retirement homes in India.