Dental plaque and its management
Dental plaque, which is a sticky, soft, colorless material adhering to the teeth, consists of bacterial cells, salivary polymers, food residuals and bacterial by-products. Not removing plaque bacteria from the mouth regularly can lead to tooth decay and dental cavities (caries) or periodontal problems (such as gingivitis and periodontitis).
Plaque formation gradually occurs when there is stronger attachment by means of sticky glucose, which are produced by the bacteria from dietary sugars. As plaque matures, a thick layer is formed and harbor different types of microorganisms. Plaque, which is few hours old, is much less harmful than plaque, which is few days old. If plaque is not removed, it calcifies into tartar (calculus). Once calculus is formed, it cannot be removed by brushing and requires professional removal.
The following tips will help you to remove the plaque:
1. Use floss to remove germs and food particles between teeth. Ease the floss into place gently. Do not snap it into place — this could harm your gums.
2. Use any tooth brushing method that is comfortable, but do not scrub hard back and forth. Small circular motions and short back and forth motions work well.
3. To prevent decay, use fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride is what protects teeth from decay.
4. Food residues, especially sweets, provide nutrients for the germs that cause tooth decay, as well as those that cause gum disease. So, reduce amount and frequency of sugary food and drinks. That is why it is important to remove all food residues, as well as plaque, from teeth. Remove plaque at least once a day — twice a day is better. If you brush and floss once daily, do it before going to bed.
5. Chew sugar free gums.
6. Between meals, have fresh fruits, vegetables or cheese instead of cakes, biscuits and dried fruits.
7. Do not give sugary drinks and milk in bottles to children too often, especially just before sleep.