China tightens trading rules on forex, stock markets
China has announced tougher rules on trading stock index futures and foreign exchange derivatives as it seeks to steady jittery markets whose weakness has raised concern over the health of the world's second-largest economy.
Facing slowing economic growth and sharp currency and share losses, Beijing has prioritised near-term stability over longer term market liberalisation.
But the way it has pushed through a raft of measures in recent weeks has heightened foreign investors' concerns about China's commitment to market reforms and its ability to handle financial instability.
The latest moves coincide with signs that China's annual economic growth may dip below 7 percent in the third quarter for the first time since the global financial crisis, marking a slowdown in one of the world's main engines of economic expansion in recent years.
The central bank will require reserves to be set aside for purchases of all currency derivatives from October, according to a document seen by Reuters, making it more expensive to bet on further depreciation of the yuan.
The move expands the scope of a similar document, seen on Tuesday, in which the central bank said it will require banks to hold reserves on behalf of clients' trading of currency forwards, in a move seen curbing speculation and volatility after a shock Aug 11 yuan devaluation.
Surprised by the global reaction to that devaluation, Beijing has gone all out to try to cushion the impact.
The People's Bank of China (PBOC) has set a slew of strong daily trading midpoints for the yuan, increased how frequently it has state banks sell dollars to support the currency and has conducted rare intervention in derivative markets. Some traders believe such high-frequency intervention in the spot market and the coming requirements in derivative trading mark a step backward for China's currency reforms.
Another concern is what Beijing's end-game is, given that efforts to hold up the yuan so far have required it to drain the country's massive foreign exchange reserves.
Separately, the China Financial Futures Exchange said on Wednesday it would take further steps to curb excessive speculation in stock index futures trading, in its second tightening of rules in days.
The move, which followed the market close, could lend some support on Thursday after China's benchmark index edged lower on Wednesday. At one point it tumbled more than 4 percent, and is down almost 40 percent from the peaks of mid-June when shares started crashing from 7-year highs, partly triggered by a regulatory crackdown on leveraged trading.
On the currency market, according to the PBOC document seen on Wednesday, reserve ratios will be set at 20 percent of the nominal value of forwards and swap contracts, and fixed at 10 percent of the nominal value of principal for options.
"People were thinking about alternatives to circumvent the reserve requirement to bet on yuan depreciation after yesterday's policy was out. But it's clear now that it is impossible to do so," said a Hong Kong-based trader who saw the PBOC document on Wednesday.