Easier said than done for India

A recent Indian television show calling for economic disengagement with China was sponsored by Chinese mobile phone firms - an irony that perhaps best captures the piquant situation India finds itself in today.

Emotional calls to shun Chinese products, following the deadly clash on the disputed border between the two Asian giants on June 15, makes for good television viewing but snapping entrenched and extensive economic links with China is impractical.

In 2018-19, nearly 14 per cent of India's total imports came from China, covering a range of finished goods popular with price-sensitive Indian consumers as well as capital goods necessary for manufacturers here to maintain current production levels and competitiveness.

During this period, India's imports from China were valued at US$70.3 billion (S$97.8 billion), saddling it with a trade deficit of US$53.6 billion.

"Restricting these imports without giving Indian manufacturers alternatives would involve the risk of shooting oneself in the foot," said Mr Pratyush Rao, the lead analyst for India at Control Risks, a global risk consultancy. "You are looking at potentially higher input costs for your domestic manufacturing sector and higher prices for consumers," he told The Straits Times.

With manufacturing in India still stymied by problems such as poor infrastructure, red tape and restrictive labour laws, the calls for boycott are worrying many of those dependent on Chinese supply chains.

They include manufacturers in the textile hub in Tiruppur in the southern state of Tamil Nadu that employs a workforce of around 600,000 and generates annual merchandise worth US$4 billion each for export as well as the domestic market. None of this would be possible without Chinese equipment such as sewing machines or accessories such as zip fasteners, buttons and leather badges.

Raja M Shanmugham, the president of the Tiruppur Exporter's Association, told The Straits Times, that as much as 90 per cent of the accessories used are sourced from China because global brands rely on Chinese firms to maintain uniformity across their products. "It (the call for a boycott) is a sentimental outburst without assessing the on-ground reality," he said.

Forsaking Chinese products is even more difficult now given how precariously Indian firms are placed amid the current economic downturn.

On Wednesday (June 24), the International Monetary Fund predicted a "historic low" for the Indian economy, which is expected to contract by 4.5 per cent in 2020.

"It doesn't make business sense for companies, at a time when they are suffering acutely under economic distress, to have to completely rejig their supply chains because of geopolitical factors," said Rao.

One thing is clear though - the clash has hastened the process of weaning India from Chinese dependence. It is a process that, over the years, has been motivated by a range of factors, including a desire for self-reliance, evening out supply chain risks as well as security concerns. India, in fact, reduced its imports from China by around US$6 billion between the 2017-18 and 2018-19 financial years, with anti-dumping duties and tariffs contributing partly to this reduction.

Trade and investment with China is likely to fall further with more restrictions that will be prompted by the current climate of distrust. Besides reports of multibillion-dollar contracts with Chinese firms being either cancelled or frozen, recent restrictions aimed at China include prior government approval for foreign direct investment and the requirement to mention the origin of products being sold at a government online trading platform.