Factors behind Italy’s disaster
Old nation: One of the first factors almost everyone who looks at the figures points to is Italians' average age. The median age of the overall population was 45.4 last year -- greater than anywhere else in Europe. It is also seven years higher than the median age in China and slightly above that of South Korea. Figures released Friday showed the age of Italians dying of COVID-19 averaging out at 78.5. Almost 99 percent of them were also suffering from at least one pre-existing condition or ailment. Italy's mortality rate among those infected with the virus is thus a relatively high 8.6 percent. Yet Japan's median age of 47.3 makes it an even older nation than Italy -- and it has just 35 officially registered deaths. So age is clearly not the only factor.
Bad luck: Some scientists think that it could really have been almost any other country after China. "I think the question of 'Why Italy?' is the most important question and it has a simple answer: No reason at all," Yascha Mounk of Johns Hopkins University told Canada's CBC television. "The only thing that makes Italy different is that the first couple of (locally-transmitted) cases arrived in Italy about 10 days before they arrived in Germany, the United States or Canada." More than 4,000 people have died in Italy in the month since a 78-year-old builder from the Lombardy region of Milan became the first known European fatality of COVID-19. European nations such as Spain and France are now following Italy's trajectory and could theoretically have as many deaths and infections in a few weeks. "If other countries are not going to react in exactly the right way, they are going to become Italy," said Mounk.
Systemic collapse: The grim reality learned across Italy's devastated north is that diseases start spreading much faster once the healthcare system reaches its saturation point. Doctors have to start making life and death decisions about whom they help first -- and why -- when they run out of equipment such as respirators and even beds. "Sometimes you have to weigh the chances of success against the patient's condition," Brescia hospital's emergency unit head Paolo Terragnoli told AFP this week. "We try to do our best for everyone, while doing an extra something for those who have better chances." Old and frail patients who are turned away are extremely contagious and -- tragically but realistically -- fated to die.
Screening and counting: The world has suddenly realised that it does not have enough test kits to screen for COVID-19. Nations such as Italy dealt with this problem by only testing those who already exhibited symptoms such as a fever and a dry cough. South Korea had the kits and the means to conduct more than 10,000 tests a day. Germany followed a similar model and its death rate began to drop once even the mild COVID-19 infections began being counted. This partially explains both why Italy's mortality rate is so high and why COVID-19 was contained faster in some other countries.
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