Goodbye my son!

After losing one of his two sons to the worst attack against minority Shiites in Pakistan's history, Ali was determined for the other to find a new life abroad.

"Go," he told Iqbal Hussain, who left his job and family behind after losing his brother Muhammad Hassan to join thousands of others on treacherous waters in search of hope.

In the Shia-dominated Mari Abad quarter of Quetta, the capital of restive Baluchistan, each family has tales of death and exile.

Sectarian violence -- in particular by Sunni hardliners against Shia, who make up roughly 20 percent of Pakistan's 200 million people -- has claimed thousands of lives in the country over the past decade.

In the latest bloodshed, 44 Shias were massacred in the southern city Karachi on Wednesday, in the first attack claimed by the Islamic State jihadist group in the country.

The constant fear of violence is pushing young people towards illegal migration.

The worst such attack so far, on January 10, 2013, saw a suicide bomber blow himself up in a small snooker hall. About ten minutes later, when rescue workers had rushed to the scene, a truck packed with explosives that had been parked near the hall was detonated.

The overall toll was close to 100 dead. Among them was Hassan, who had gone to help.

His brother Hussain survived, but with 38 shrapnel wounds which pierced his body.

"After six months, his mother was insisting, 'I have lost my son, I don't want to lose a second,'" said Ali, standing in the cemetery Hassan was buried in, where a corridor of photographs of martyrs fix their gazes on passersby.

Ali, who had saved $20,000, sent Hussain and his mother south to Karachi, then legally onward to Indonesia.

There, they placed their lives in the hands of people smugglers, and set off on a boat for Australia -- the promised land -- just before the conservative government there changed the law, and began sending back all new illegal migrants.

After the journey to a transit camp, the pair made it to Melbourne and today Hussain is learning English.

"There simply isn't any hope in Pakistan for young Shias," he said. "Here in Australia we have a new life."

In Quetta,  people smugglers -- a dirty profession in most of the world -- are highly regarded.

"Human smugglers for... other people, they might be bad for them. But for us, we give them lot of importance in our society," said Abdul Khalique Hazara, chief of the nationalist Hazara Democratic Party.

"You give me peace, then I would say they must be (stopped)," he added.