The European Union fined eight finance groups a record 1.7 billion euros ($2.3 billion) yesterday for rigging the Euribor and Japanese yen Tibor interest rates.
German Deutsche Bank, involved in rigging both rates, was fined a total of 725 million euros, and French Societe Generale was fined 446 million euros for manipulating the European Euribor rate.
British bank RBS, already mired in controversy, was fined 391 million euros for involvement in cartels which rigged both rates.
The European Commission's anti-trust authorities had never previously imposed such big fines overall, Competition Commissioner Joaquin Almunia told a press conference.
In total, four financial institutions were involved in a cartel which rigged the Euribor rate and six in a cartel which manipulated the Tibor rate.
In the Euribor case, British bank Barclays benefited from immunity and will not pay a fine because it revealed the existence of the rigging to the Commission.
Deutsche Bank was however fined 466 million euros, and Societe Generale and RBS were fined 131 million euros in the Euribor case.
The fines on these three banks were reduced by 10 percent because the companies cooperated with the investigation.