The Renewable Energy Policy of Bangladesh, published in 2008, states that renewable energy will take a vital role for off grid electrification in the country. The main renewable energy resources in Bangladesh are biomass, solar, wind and hydropower. The hydropower potential of Bangladesh is low due to the relative flatness of the country. Wind power generation in Bangladesh has certain limitations due to the lack of reliable wind speed data and the remarkable seasonal variation of wind speed. The country has good prospects of utilizing solar photovoltaic (PV) systems for electricity generation, but the high capital investment cost is a big barrier for adopting such systems. Biomass is the major energy source in Bangladesh and biomass utilization systems represent a proven environment-friendly option for small- to medium-scale decentralized electricity generation.

The biodiversity hotspots of the globe contain a high degree of endemism and are undergoing gradual loss of habitats. Maximum portion of these hotspots are located in tropical forests, which are considered as the most endangered. Habitat fragmentation is one of the major causes of the biodiversity loss. Habitats can either disappear completely or they may become degraded and/or fragmented, both causing serious impact on biodiversity as well as ecosystem processes. Loss of natural forests and the fragmentation of remaining areas into progressively smaller patches is a significant global trend. The habitat fragmentation occurs in different ways, like in patches (e.g.), in waves (e.g. by urbanization) or linear (e.g. by construction of roads).

Every species plays an important role in maintaining an ecological balance among the living systems of the earth. Loss of any species threats the survival of several species inclusive of man. Man's own survival depends on his willingness and ability to co-operate with the living environment as it provides critical benefits to humans. These benefits encompass ecosystem services, such as air, water, and soil purification, climate regulation, and the generation of moisture and oxygen. Human beings turn to biodiversity also for spiritual, psychological and cultural benefits. Biodiversity is aesthetically pleasing and provides opportunities for recreational activities.